Nearly half of all people now live in urban areas. It was not until large-scale industrialization began in the eighteenth century that cities really began to boom. Even after cities emerged, however, a large majority of people lived and worked in rural areas. The world population has grown significantly, and our economies have become more industrialized over the past few hundred years, and as a result many more people have moved into cities. This kind of growth often corresponds with a shift from one way of organizing labor to another. A small number of these settlements grew into what we now call cities. As more people were born, small groups of individuals found reasons to come together to form groups and, with the advent of agriculture, small sedentary communities. Human populations have tended to increase over time.
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